PEST INDIAA - General Knowledge and Sevices offered
Posted: October 10th, 2015, 12:48 pm
INTRODUCTION to Pest Control Services
This report contains the summary account of pest infestation found in your premise at certain levels / floors dur-ing the course of the survey conducted. It also contains recommendations for the treatments considered nec-essary to control the prevailing pests.
PREVENTIVE PEST CONTROL
The presence of pests is responsible for:
• annoyance and nuisance
• contravention of legislation
• diseases
• damages
• fear
• loss of goodwill from customers and staffs
So often only a small investment is needed to prevent all the above mentioned problems. Pest control has come a long way. The extensive use of pesticides by spraying or baiting was considered to be the answer to all pest problems but it as its limitations and created other problems to the environment.
• the balance use of cultural, biological & chemical procedures
• environmental compatibility
• innovation & effective treatment methods
• economic feasibility
• Close co-operation between Client and PEST INDIA.
•
Some questions commonly asked
1) What are PESTS?
Pests are living things, which are detrimental to the existing of man/woman
2) Why are they PESTS?
They are pests because they and their presence are responsible for:
- annoyance
- contravention of legislations
- damage
- diseases
- fear
- loss of goodwill
3) Why is there a PEST infestation?
All human habitats are vulnerable to the dangers posed simply because the ingredients necessary for their survival – shelter, warmth, food and water, are readily available
Experience has shown that the main reasons for pest infestation are:
- improper sanitation or housekeeping practices
- detective engineering or architectural designs
- careless urban construction activities
4) How can you prevent a PEST problem?
Fortunately, many simple measures can be easily taken by you, your own management and staff. Several practical precautions, which can prevent pest infestation. Just remember Prevention, Ex-clusions, Sanitation and Treatment
5) How can PEST INDIA help you
Frequently, expert’s help and advice are needed. PEST INDIA, being the pest control specialists for more than 6 years, has accumulated a wealth of knowledge and experience to help solve your problems
6) Is PEST INDIA service expensive?
Of course, you expect us to say “NO”. But seriously, how do you price-tag professional service? Perhaps the measure has to be the benefits you derive. So often only a small investment is needed to prevent damage, secure peace of mind and keep your customers and staffs happy. It is also a positive way to ensure that your business achieves high hygiene standards – and stays on the right side of the law
The PEST INDIA pledge is in the provision of the finest supervised service, giving our clients, their customers and staff, safe, effective protection for their living and working environments and their reputation.
SUMMARY
All in all, a systematic Planned Pest Control Program is needed.
In addition, it is important that this program to be incorporate with a high standard of housekeeping. With this combination and co-operation, we strongly believe the cockroaches’ infestation can be brought under control to a tolerable level.
RECOMMENDATION
House keeping is important to prevent or avoid pest infestation from happen. This method can provide a good result in term of pest controlling and safe to human and environment because no chemical component are in-volve.
Good house keeping and sanitation will help you to maintain your premise by reduce the pest activities from expanded. Here we would like to share with you some of the steps that can help you to reduce the pest prob-lem at your premise.
1. Make sure all holes and cracks especially on the wall are seal to prevent pest from harborage and use it as an entry point.
2. Make sure there is no food debris inside the building and also outside, along the perimeter of the building and especially in the drawers. This may become an attraction factor to the pest to harbor.
3. Make sure all rubbish bins are covered and rubbish must be dispose frequently – daily if possible and to en-sure no food leftover in the office. Main rubbish disposal bin must be place far from the building and not near to the entrance.
4. Make sure all drainage system are not block and can flow smoothly to prevent from become a breeding site for the pest likes mosquitoes, rats, cockroaches etc.
5. Make sure all foods are keep inside an air tide container and do not use carton boxes that may allow the pest to harborage.
6. Make sure the surrounding of your building are always clean to prevent pest from migrating to your premise from others premises/neighborhoods.
7. Make sure there is no water leakage inside the premise that can become a water source for the pest.
PROPOSAL
Details of our proposal are as follows:
PEST INDIA Planned Pest Control Programme
Our programmed actually emphasizes on Preventive Pest Control where the concept of preventive measures are of the utmost importance. The program can actually be summarized in the acronym, P. E. S. T.
P Prevention of infestation through good housekeeping
Objective: Deny pests of harborage should they gain entry into the premises.
E Exclusion of pests through effective proofing measures.
Objective: Restricting the entry of pests into the premises.
S Sanitation calls for high standards of hygiene and cleanliness.
Objective: Elimination of food and breeding areas available to pests.
T Treatment of pest’s infestation by your professional pest control experts.
Objective: Treatment to curb infestations effectively & speedily within the
Reasonable constraints of safety
RODENT
In an urban setting, rodent refers to the commensally brown rat (or sewer rat, Rattus Norvegicus), the roof rat (Rattus rattus) and the house mouse (Mus musculus). Given ideal conditions, one pair of rodent can produce up to 2,000 offspring in only one year.
Their high agility enables a young mouse to enter a building through a 1 cm sq. gap with great ease. They are disease-carrying pests because they live and breed in highly unhygienic places e.g. sewers and garbage dumps and hence pose a threat to our health. Diseases like jaundice, Weil’s disease, the well-known plague and the lesser–known hantaviral infections with influenza-type symptoms are associated with rodents. What is not wide-ly known are the fire-hazards they cause when sharpening their chisel–like tooth on electrical wirings and insu-lations.
Sighting of the nocturnal creatures in the day signals heavy infestation simply because they are acting against their nature to forage for food when their enemies, especially people, are most active.
Telltale signs of invasion are their droppings (a rat produces about 50 droppings within 24 hours), odor of urine, and damage to packaging especially food, gnaw marks, smear marks and burrow tracks.
RODENT CHEMICAL CONTROL
The first line of defense against rodent invasion includes proper sanitation to limit the pest food and water; practicing good housekeeping to minimize harborages and breeding sites; proper maintenance and more im-portantly, exclusion measures to prevent them from getting in.
The second lines of defense employ the use of PEST INDIA specially formulated rodenticides. It is anti-coagulant rodenticides (slow action poison) and is held inside bait stations. The bait stations would be placed extensively at strategic positions to intercept the rodent.
After consuming the right quantity of baits, the rodent would die from internal hemorrhaging in about a few days to a week. The delayed killing action has the advantage that the rodent would not develop any “bait shyness“. Besides giving a greater margin of safety against accidental poisoning – antidote being Vit. K1; the rodenticides are effective against warfarin resistance rats (warfarin being the active ingredient in most rodenticides found on the market shelves).
Other measures like the application of rodenticide dust into rodent burrows and the use of fumigant, traps or glue would be deployed if the need arises.
The third line of defense employ the use of Non-toxic ,safe and eco-friendly gum pads ,glue trays ,cages and electronic devices to trap the house mouse and roof rats in a safest manner
RECOMMENDATION FOR THE RESTRICTION OF RODENTS
The first requirement is attention to the area surrounding the building. Piles of rubbish, timber or other materials should not be allowed to accumulate. Redundant equipment should be removed or properly stored. Items such as pallets will harbor rodent if not adequately stacked and the area inspected.
Rodents often gain access to cavitied through cables or pipe holes which have not been sealed, or through air-bricks or ventilator grilles. Entry to the inside of the building is often accomplished by these means, and mice can squeeze through a ½” gap with ease. Thus to minimize the risk of rodent entry, all doors should have a working clearance of no more than 1/8”.
External pipes require “back inlet gullies” at the ground level where they drain water, of wire-mesh where they act as ventilation pipes.
Internal pipes and cables can allow access unless they are tightly sealed where they pass through walls, floors or ceilings and special attention must be given to vertical ducts which allow free movement by rats and mice from one floor of the building to the next.
COCKROACHES
Fossil evidence shows that cockroaches have existed almost unchanged for more than 250 million years and have been described as “God’s Perfect Creature”. They are amazingly adaptable and hard and can live and breed under hostile conditions.
The three main pest types in building are:
a) American Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana)
b) German Cockroach (Blattala Germanica)
c) Brown banded Cockroach (Supella Longipalpa)
They prefer a warm and moist habitat close to food sources e.g. kitchens, rubbish chutes and toilets. Due to their close association with filth (feeding and breeding in highly unsanitary environment like sewers, garbage dumps and drains) and their indiscriminate wandering in kitchens and pantry, they are capable of spreading dis-eases.
Indicators of their existence are the telltale odor, droppings, egg capsules (ootheca), damage packaging espe-cially of food and moulted body shells.
COCKROACHES CHEMICAL CONTROL
The first line of defense against cockroaches is their restriction from entering into the premises by the imple-mentation of good sanitation, construction, maintenance and exclusion program. PEST INDIA is a strong ad-vocate for sanitation and removal of pest’s harborage sites in and around the premises.
The second line of defense includes the application of suitable pesticides to strategic positions (where cock-roaches harbor, as well as known and potential breeding sites). Insecticidal spray would be applied to areas where spraying can be carried out. This leaves an insecticidal deposits having long residual action. Such depos-its are capable of killing young cockroaches (nymphs) which may hatch weeks after our treatment. Insecti-cidal dusts or gel baits would be applied to dry harborages and the undisturbed deposits would remain effec-tive for many weeks.
Our trained serviceman, having a working knowledge of pests’ behavior and control strategies, would apply the use of safe, environmental friendly and residual pesticides. This involves finding the structural defects and other potential trouble spots that might need to be physically corrected by clients after proper chemical treatment.
The selection of chemical preparations to be used depends mainly on the type of pests infestation encountered.
RECOMMENDATION FOR THE RESTRICTION OF COCKROACH
Control must include precautions to restrict the import of crawling insects into the premises. This is their main method of entry. Cockroaches and most Stored Product Pests do not travel far on their own; they rely on our life-style for transport in goods, cartons and packages.
They may however penetrate adjacent parts of a building through the most minute apertures. Walls, floors and ceiling should have the smoothest possible surfaces which are impervious and without crevices.
Expansion and contraction joints should be filled with a material, which is matic, and allows for movements.
Restriction of insects involves the careful selection and use of materials to provide smooth, impervious surface whenever possible, devoid of cracks and crevices where insects can hide, breed and feed. Covings at wall floor junction reduce the accumulation of debris and assist effective cleaning.
Tiled surfaces, which are not properly grouted, provide harborage for cockroaches, particularly where higher than average temperatures prevail.
Leaks from roof, gutters, gullies or pipes, which are damp, encourage mould growth, which insects can feed on.
ANTS
Ants have always been considered a major nuisance to residents of homes and offices. Various studies have also reputed that ants are potential mechanical vector of diseases by carrying bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Salmonella, etc. This is due to their habit of roaming from one place to another in search of food.
With the rise of living standard in Malaysia, the public is becoming more aware of the importance of pests like ants.
Ants, like honey bees, and termites, are social insects and live in colonies. The colonies are usually found in ground or in wood, but may also be located in debris, or in buildings. In order to survive, all castes must live to-gether in unity. The most common caste sighted by man is the worker ants. Winged ants (alates) are the poten-tial King and Queen swarming in search for new nesting sites to form a new colony. This castle is often seen when the humidity in the environment is high, like after a rain.
Telltale signs of infestation are their presence, occasionally the wings of the swarmers that drop off after flight. Some species of ants create mud tunnels to protect themselves from sunlight and dehydration. The tunnel is different from those of termites in that it is comparatively “loose” in texture.
ANTS CHEMICAL CONTROL
Direct treatment or the removal of the source of the problem; be it chemical or physical removal of the nests, is the best way to curb the ants problem.
However, ant nests are not easily accessible and sometimes there are numerous entries to a single nest or there are numerous hidden nests.
Before an attempt to chemically treat against ants, it is important that sanitation is practiced. This involves the removal of all foodstuff and water sources of the ants. These sanitary efforts will encourage the foraging of ants; thereby “cross-over” the treated areas. Chemical treatment involves the use of a safe environment friend-ly and effective pesticide applied to the right places against the target pest. Residual effect of the chemical would need to be reinforced regularly to give continuous protection against the ants.
TREATMENT METHOD
COCKROACHES AND COMMON ANTS SPRAYING
Treatment by means of surface spraying to all accessible sensitive and high risk areas such as septic tanks, toilet holes, risers and ducts, kitchen cabinets, kitchen wall and ceiling junctions, floor skirting and corridors.
A safe but effective knockdown residual insecticide will be used to control the above pests. We may rotate dif-ferent insecticides if the situation warrants and for more effective results.
COCKROACHES GEL BAITING
Gel baiting might be carried out during subsequent visits, where gel baits are placed at strategic locations. This is the latest technique whereby very minimal spraying is required. Thus, there are no nasty odors’ and a chance of contamination is very low. Additionally, there is long term effectiveness as the lifespan of the gel is approxi-mately two years
MOSQUITOES
General Information
Adults are 3 to 6 mm long, piercing and sucking mouth-parts
Mosquito Life Cycle
All mosquitoes have four stages of development – egg, larva, pupa and adults – and spend their larval and pupa stages in water.
After the female mosquito obtains a blood meal (male mosquitoes do not bite), she lays her eggs directly on the surface of the stagnant water, in a depression, or on the edge of a container where rainwater may collect and flood the eggs. The eggs hatch and a mosquito larva or “wriggler” emerges. The larva lives in the water, feed and developes into the third stage of the life cycle called a pupa or “tumbler”. The pupa also lives in the water, but no longer feeds. Finally, the mosquito emerges from the pupal case and the water as a fully developed adult, ready to bite.
When the adult mosquitoes emerge from the aquatic stages, they mate, and the female seeks a blood meal to obtain the necessary protein for the development of her eggs. The female of a few species may produce a first batch of eggs without this first blood meal. After a blood meal is digested and the eggs are laid, the female mosquito again seeks a blood meal to produce a second batch of eggs. Depending on her stamina and the weather, she may repeat this process many times without mating again.
The male mosquito does not take a blood meal, but may feed on plant nectar, honeydew or plant secretions. He lives for only a short time after mating.
The whole life cycle normally complete in a week.
What Attracts Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are attracted by perspiration, warmth, body odor, carbon dioxide and LIGHT.
What you can do to help fight mosquitoes
Physical control methods
• Empty standing water in old tires, buckets, plastic covers or any other container where “wrigglers” and “tumbler” live.
• Empty and change the water in wading pools and potted plant trays on a very frequent basis.
• Keep rain gutters unclogged.
• Make sure window and door screens are “bug tight.”
• Replace your outdoor lights with yellow “bug” lights.
Chemical Control methods
• Fogging :- pesticides will be release in the form of smoke /fog
• Misting : - pesticides will be release in the form of mist / minute droplet
• Mosquito repellent - Applied on skin or clothes, active for a few hours only
• Larvicide - Applied in larval breeding sites
• Surface spray - Residual spraying of surface known to be frequented by mosquitoes
• Space treatment - Widely use for rapid relief from mosquito annoyance
Diseases transmitted
Mosquitoes Disease Disease agent Reservoir
1 Aedes aegypii Dengue fever Dengue Man
2 Aedes albopictus Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Virus
3 Anopheles sundaicus Malaria Protozoa Man
4 Culex tritaeniorhynchus Japanese B Encephalitis J E Virus Pigs
This report contains the summary account of pest infestation found in your premise at certain levels / floors dur-ing the course of the survey conducted. It also contains recommendations for the treatments considered nec-essary to control the prevailing pests.
PREVENTIVE PEST CONTROL
The presence of pests is responsible for:
• annoyance and nuisance
• contravention of legislation
• diseases
• damages
• fear
• loss of goodwill from customers and staffs
So often only a small investment is needed to prevent all the above mentioned problems. Pest control has come a long way. The extensive use of pesticides by spraying or baiting was considered to be the answer to all pest problems but it as its limitations and created other problems to the environment.
• the balance use of cultural, biological & chemical procedures
• environmental compatibility
• innovation & effective treatment methods
• economic feasibility
• Close co-operation between Client and PEST INDIA.
•
Some questions commonly asked
1) What are PESTS?
Pests are living things, which are detrimental to the existing of man/woman
2) Why are they PESTS?
They are pests because they and their presence are responsible for:
- annoyance
- contravention of legislations
- damage
- diseases
- fear
- loss of goodwill
3) Why is there a PEST infestation?
All human habitats are vulnerable to the dangers posed simply because the ingredients necessary for their survival – shelter, warmth, food and water, are readily available
Experience has shown that the main reasons for pest infestation are:
- improper sanitation or housekeeping practices
- detective engineering or architectural designs
- careless urban construction activities
4) How can you prevent a PEST problem?
Fortunately, many simple measures can be easily taken by you, your own management and staff. Several practical precautions, which can prevent pest infestation. Just remember Prevention, Ex-clusions, Sanitation and Treatment
5) How can PEST INDIA help you
Frequently, expert’s help and advice are needed. PEST INDIA, being the pest control specialists for more than 6 years, has accumulated a wealth of knowledge and experience to help solve your problems
6) Is PEST INDIA service expensive?
Of course, you expect us to say “NO”. But seriously, how do you price-tag professional service? Perhaps the measure has to be the benefits you derive. So often only a small investment is needed to prevent damage, secure peace of mind and keep your customers and staffs happy. It is also a positive way to ensure that your business achieves high hygiene standards – and stays on the right side of the law
The PEST INDIA pledge is in the provision of the finest supervised service, giving our clients, their customers and staff, safe, effective protection for their living and working environments and their reputation.
SUMMARY
All in all, a systematic Planned Pest Control Program is needed.
In addition, it is important that this program to be incorporate with a high standard of housekeeping. With this combination and co-operation, we strongly believe the cockroaches’ infestation can be brought under control to a tolerable level.
RECOMMENDATION
House keeping is important to prevent or avoid pest infestation from happen. This method can provide a good result in term of pest controlling and safe to human and environment because no chemical component are in-volve.
Good house keeping and sanitation will help you to maintain your premise by reduce the pest activities from expanded. Here we would like to share with you some of the steps that can help you to reduce the pest prob-lem at your premise.
1. Make sure all holes and cracks especially on the wall are seal to prevent pest from harborage and use it as an entry point.
2. Make sure there is no food debris inside the building and also outside, along the perimeter of the building and especially in the drawers. This may become an attraction factor to the pest to harbor.
3. Make sure all rubbish bins are covered and rubbish must be dispose frequently – daily if possible and to en-sure no food leftover in the office. Main rubbish disposal bin must be place far from the building and not near to the entrance.
4. Make sure all drainage system are not block and can flow smoothly to prevent from become a breeding site for the pest likes mosquitoes, rats, cockroaches etc.
5. Make sure all foods are keep inside an air tide container and do not use carton boxes that may allow the pest to harborage.
6. Make sure the surrounding of your building are always clean to prevent pest from migrating to your premise from others premises/neighborhoods.
7. Make sure there is no water leakage inside the premise that can become a water source for the pest.
PROPOSAL
Details of our proposal are as follows:
PEST INDIA Planned Pest Control Programme
Our programmed actually emphasizes on Preventive Pest Control where the concept of preventive measures are of the utmost importance. The program can actually be summarized in the acronym, P. E. S. T.
P Prevention of infestation through good housekeeping
Objective: Deny pests of harborage should they gain entry into the premises.
E Exclusion of pests through effective proofing measures.
Objective: Restricting the entry of pests into the premises.
S Sanitation calls for high standards of hygiene and cleanliness.
Objective: Elimination of food and breeding areas available to pests.
T Treatment of pest’s infestation by your professional pest control experts.
Objective: Treatment to curb infestations effectively & speedily within the
Reasonable constraints of safety
RODENT
In an urban setting, rodent refers to the commensally brown rat (or sewer rat, Rattus Norvegicus), the roof rat (Rattus rattus) and the house mouse (Mus musculus). Given ideal conditions, one pair of rodent can produce up to 2,000 offspring in only one year.
Their high agility enables a young mouse to enter a building through a 1 cm sq. gap with great ease. They are disease-carrying pests because they live and breed in highly unhygienic places e.g. sewers and garbage dumps and hence pose a threat to our health. Diseases like jaundice, Weil’s disease, the well-known plague and the lesser–known hantaviral infections with influenza-type symptoms are associated with rodents. What is not wide-ly known are the fire-hazards they cause when sharpening their chisel–like tooth on electrical wirings and insu-lations.
Sighting of the nocturnal creatures in the day signals heavy infestation simply because they are acting against their nature to forage for food when their enemies, especially people, are most active.
Telltale signs of invasion are their droppings (a rat produces about 50 droppings within 24 hours), odor of urine, and damage to packaging especially food, gnaw marks, smear marks and burrow tracks.
RODENT CHEMICAL CONTROL
The first line of defense against rodent invasion includes proper sanitation to limit the pest food and water; practicing good housekeeping to minimize harborages and breeding sites; proper maintenance and more im-portantly, exclusion measures to prevent them from getting in.
The second lines of defense employ the use of PEST INDIA specially formulated rodenticides. It is anti-coagulant rodenticides (slow action poison) and is held inside bait stations. The bait stations would be placed extensively at strategic positions to intercept the rodent.
After consuming the right quantity of baits, the rodent would die from internal hemorrhaging in about a few days to a week. The delayed killing action has the advantage that the rodent would not develop any “bait shyness“. Besides giving a greater margin of safety against accidental poisoning – antidote being Vit. K1; the rodenticides are effective against warfarin resistance rats (warfarin being the active ingredient in most rodenticides found on the market shelves).
Other measures like the application of rodenticide dust into rodent burrows and the use of fumigant, traps or glue would be deployed if the need arises.
The third line of defense employ the use of Non-toxic ,safe and eco-friendly gum pads ,glue trays ,cages and electronic devices to trap the house mouse and roof rats in a safest manner
RECOMMENDATION FOR THE RESTRICTION OF RODENTS
The first requirement is attention to the area surrounding the building. Piles of rubbish, timber or other materials should not be allowed to accumulate. Redundant equipment should be removed or properly stored. Items such as pallets will harbor rodent if not adequately stacked and the area inspected.
Rodents often gain access to cavitied through cables or pipe holes which have not been sealed, or through air-bricks or ventilator grilles. Entry to the inside of the building is often accomplished by these means, and mice can squeeze through a ½” gap with ease. Thus to minimize the risk of rodent entry, all doors should have a working clearance of no more than 1/8”.
External pipes require “back inlet gullies” at the ground level where they drain water, of wire-mesh where they act as ventilation pipes.
Internal pipes and cables can allow access unless they are tightly sealed where they pass through walls, floors or ceilings and special attention must be given to vertical ducts which allow free movement by rats and mice from one floor of the building to the next.
COCKROACHES
Fossil evidence shows that cockroaches have existed almost unchanged for more than 250 million years and have been described as “God’s Perfect Creature”. They are amazingly adaptable and hard and can live and breed under hostile conditions.
The three main pest types in building are:
a) American Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana)
b) German Cockroach (Blattala Germanica)
c) Brown banded Cockroach (Supella Longipalpa)
They prefer a warm and moist habitat close to food sources e.g. kitchens, rubbish chutes and toilets. Due to their close association with filth (feeding and breeding in highly unsanitary environment like sewers, garbage dumps and drains) and their indiscriminate wandering in kitchens and pantry, they are capable of spreading dis-eases.
Indicators of their existence are the telltale odor, droppings, egg capsules (ootheca), damage packaging espe-cially of food and moulted body shells.
COCKROACHES CHEMICAL CONTROL
The first line of defense against cockroaches is their restriction from entering into the premises by the imple-mentation of good sanitation, construction, maintenance and exclusion program. PEST INDIA is a strong ad-vocate for sanitation and removal of pest’s harborage sites in and around the premises.
The second line of defense includes the application of suitable pesticides to strategic positions (where cock-roaches harbor, as well as known and potential breeding sites). Insecticidal spray would be applied to areas where spraying can be carried out. This leaves an insecticidal deposits having long residual action. Such depos-its are capable of killing young cockroaches (nymphs) which may hatch weeks after our treatment. Insecti-cidal dusts or gel baits would be applied to dry harborages and the undisturbed deposits would remain effec-tive for many weeks.
Our trained serviceman, having a working knowledge of pests’ behavior and control strategies, would apply the use of safe, environmental friendly and residual pesticides. This involves finding the structural defects and other potential trouble spots that might need to be physically corrected by clients after proper chemical treatment.
The selection of chemical preparations to be used depends mainly on the type of pests infestation encountered.
RECOMMENDATION FOR THE RESTRICTION OF COCKROACH
Control must include precautions to restrict the import of crawling insects into the premises. This is their main method of entry. Cockroaches and most Stored Product Pests do not travel far on their own; they rely on our life-style for transport in goods, cartons and packages.
They may however penetrate adjacent parts of a building through the most minute apertures. Walls, floors and ceiling should have the smoothest possible surfaces which are impervious and without crevices.
Expansion and contraction joints should be filled with a material, which is matic, and allows for movements.
Restriction of insects involves the careful selection and use of materials to provide smooth, impervious surface whenever possible, devoid of cracks and crevices where insects can hide, breed and feed. Covings at wall floor junction reduce the accumulation of debris and assist effective cleaning.
Tiled surfaces, which are not properly grouted, provide harborage for cockroaches, particularly where higher than average temperatures prevail.
Leaks from roof, gutters, gullies or pipes, which are damp, encourage mould growth, which insects can feed on.
ANTS
Ants have always been considered a major nuisance to residents of homes and offices. Various studies have also reputed that ants are potential mechanical vector of diseases by carrying bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Salmonella, etc. This is due to their habit of roaming from one place to another in search of food.
With the rise of living standard in Malaysia, the public is becoming more aware of the importance of pests like ants.
Ants, like honey bees, and termites, are social insects and live in colonies. The colonies are usually found in ground or in wood, but may also be located in debris, or in buildings. In order to survive, all castes must live to-gether in unity. The most common caste sighted by man is the worker ants. Winged ants (alates) are the poten-tial King and Queen swarming in search for new nesting sites to form a new colony. This castle is often seen when the humidity in the environment is high, like after a rain.
Telltale signs of infestation are their presence, occasionally the wings of the swarmers that drop off after flight. Some species of ants create mud tunnels to protect themselves from sunlight and dehydration. The tunnel is different from those of termites in that it is comparatively “loose” in texture.
ANTS CHEMICAL CONTROL
Direct treatment or the removal of the source of the problem; be it chemical or physical removal of the nests, is the best way to curb the ants problem.
However, ant nests are not easily accessible and sometimes there are numerous entries to a single nest or there are numerous hidden nests.
Before an attempt to chemically treat against ants, it is important that sanitation is practiced. This involves the removal of all foodstuff and water sources of the ants. These sanitary efforts will encourage the foraging of ants; thereby “cross-over” the treated areas. Chemical treatment involves the use of a safe environment friend-ly and effective pesticide applied to the right places against the target pest. Residual effect of the chemical would need to be reinforced regularly to give continuous protection against the ants.
TREATMENT METHOD
COCKROACHES AND COMMON ANTS SPRAYING
Treatment by means of surface spraying to all accessible sensitive and high risk areas such as septic tanks, toilet holes, risers and ducts, kitchen cabinets, kitchen wall and ceiling junctions, floor skirting and corridors.
A safe but effective knockdown residual insecticide will be used to control the above pests. We may rotate dif-ferent insecticides if the situation warrants and for more effective results.
COCKROACHES GEL BAITING
Gel baiting might be carried out during subsequent visits, where gel baits are placed at strategic locations. This is the latest technique whereby very minimal spraying is required. Thus, there are no nasty odors’ and a chance of contamination is very low. Additionally, there is long term effectiveness as the lifespan of the gel is approxi-mately two years
MOSQUITOES
General Information
Adults are 3 to 6 mm long, piercing and sucking mouth-parts
Mosquito Life Cycle
All mosquitoes have four stages of development – egg, larva, pupa and adults – and spend their larval and pupa stages in water.
After the female mosquito obtains a blood meal (male mosquitoes do not bite), she lays her eggs directly on the surface of the stagnant water, in a depression, or on the edge of a container where rainwater may collect and flood the eggs. The eggs hatch and a mosquito larva or “wriggler” emerges. The larva lives in the water, feed and developes into the third stage of the life cycle called a pupa or “tumbler”. The pupa also lives in the water, but no longer feeds. Finally, the mosquito emerges from the pupal case and the water as a fully developed adult, ready to bite.
When the adult mosquitoes emerge from the aquatic stages, they mate, and the female seeks a blood meal to obtain the necessary protein for the development of her eggs. The female of a few species may produce a first batch of eggs without this first blood meal. After a blood meal is digested and the eggs are laid, the female mosquito again seeks a blood meal to produce a second batch of eggs. Depending on her stamina and the weather, she may repeat this process many times without mating again.
The male mosquito does not take a blood meal, but may feed on plant nectar, honeydew or plant secretions. He lives for only a short time after mating.
The whole life cycle normally complete in a week.
What Attracts Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are attracted by perspiration, warmth, body odor, carbon dioxide and LIGHT.
What you can do to help fight mosquitoes
Physical control methods
• Empty standing water in old tires, buckets, plastic covers or any other container where “wrigglers” and “tumbler” live.
• Empty and change the water in wading pools and potted plant trays on a very frequent basis.
• Keep rain gutters unclogged.
• Make sure window and door screens are “bug tight.”
• Replace your outdoor lights with yellow “bug” lights.
Chemical Control methods
• Fogging :- pesticides will be release in the form of smoke /fog
• Misting : - pesticides will be release in the form of mist / minute droplet
• Mosquito repellent - Applied on skin or clothes, active for a few hours only
• Larvicide - Applied in larval breeding sites
• Surface spray - Residual spraying of surface known to be frequented by mosquitoes
• Space treatment - Widely use for rapid relief from mosquito annoyance
Diseases transmitted
Mosquitoes Disease Disease agent Reservoir
1 Aedes aegypii Dengue fever Dengue Man
2 Aedes albopictus Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Virus
3 Anopheles sundaicus Malaria Protozoa Man
4 Culex tritaeniorhynchus Japanese B Encephalitis J E Virus Pigs